Electronic device

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides an electronic device including a driving circuit substrate, a plurality of chips, and a passivation layer. The driving circuit substrate includes a plurality of active elements. The chips are disposed on the driving circuit substrate and electrically connected to the driving circuit substrate. The passivation layer covers the plurality of chips and the driving circuit substrate. The passivation layer has a first part on one of the plurality of chips and a second part on a part of the driving circuit substrate, the second part is not overlapped with the plurality of chips, and a first thickness of the first part is less than a second thickness of the second part. The first space between adjacent two of the plurality of chips is different from a second space between another adjacent two of the plurality of chips.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/477,500, filed on Sep. 16th, 2021, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/533,718, filed on Aug. 6th, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/717,000, filed on Aug. 10th, 2018. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 1. Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure relates to an electronic device, especially to an electronic device with a plurality of chips.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Because light-emitting diodes have advantages like small volume, high efficiency, low power consumption, long lifetime, fast switching, high color rendering and containing no mercury which is harmful to the environment, it is widely used in lighting systems and display devices in our daily life. Lighting efficiency of normal light-emitting diodes would be different under different operating current. In applications of the present display devices, for reducing the cost, light-emitting diodes would be designed to be operated at a higher current to generate greater light emitting luminance of a single light-emitting diode and to gain the best luminance under the cost with fewer light-emitting diodes. However, when the light-emitting diodes controlled by the active elements are applied as the backlight of the liquid crystal display devices, more light-emitting diodes are operated at higher current, thereby causing energy waste of driving the light-emitting diodes.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an electronic device including a driving circuit substrate, a plurality of chips, and a passivation layer. The driving circuit substrate includes a plurality of active elements. The chips are disposed on the driving circuit substrate and electrically connected to the driving circuit substrate. The passivation layer covers the plurality of chips and the driving circuit substrate. The passivation layer has a first part on one of the plurality of chips and a second part on a part of the driving circuit substrate, the second part is not overlapped with the plurality of chips, and a first thickness of the first part is less than a second thickness of the second part. The first space between adjacent two of the plurality of chips is different from a second space between another adjacent two of the plurality of chips.

These and other objectives of the present disclosure will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a driving circuit substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a relation between lighting efficiency of the light emitting unit generating different colors of light and the operating current and a relation between the operating current of the light emitting unit and the luminous intensity.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a variant embodiment of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a timing of the operating current of the light emitting unit according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a first variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a second variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a third variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a fourth variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a fifth variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure may be understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings as described below. It is noted that, for purposes of illustrative clarity and being easily understood by the readers, various drawings of this disclosure show a portion of the electronic device, and certain elements in various drawings may not be drawn to scale. In addition, the number and dimension of each element shown in drawings are for illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

Certain terms are used throughout the description and following claims to refer to particular elements. As one skilled in the art will understand, electronic equipment manufacturers may refer to an element by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between elements that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms “include”, “comprise” and “have” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “include, but not limited to . . . ”. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “coupled to” another element (or other variant) , it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected (for example, electrically connected) to the other element through one or more elements.

It should be noted that the technical features in different embodiments described in the following can be replaced, recombined, or mixed with one another to constitute another embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.

Refer to FIG. 1 , which schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic device 100 includes a driving circuit substrate 102 and a plurality of light emitting units 104, wherein the light emitting units 104 are disposed on the driving circuit substrate 102. The driving circuit substrate 102 includes a plurality of active elements 106 which are electrically connected to the corresponding light emitting units 104 for providing currents to the corresponding light emitting units 104, such that the light emitting units 104 generate the corresponding light.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a driving circuit substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, the driving circuit substrate 102 may further includes a substrate 108, and the active elements 106 are formed on the substrate 108. For example, the substrate 108 may include flexible substrate materials or rigid substrate materials, for example, polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), polyarylate (PAR), acrylic, glass, quartz, sapphire, other suitable materials or combination of the above-mentioned materials, but not limited thereto.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the driving circuit substrate 102 of this embodiment may for example be a thin film transistor substrate, and the active element 106 may for example include thin film transistor. For example, each of the light emitting units 104 is provided with currents by the corresponding thin film transistor. In some embodiments, thin film transistors may be arranged in an array on the substrate 108 and are electrically connected to driving elements or control elements by wires, for example, electrically connected to a plurality of power wires by a plurality of data lines and a plurality of scan lines, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, at least one of the active elements 106 may include at least one thin film transistor. For example, the at least one of the active elements 106 may include a switch thin film transistor and a driving thin film transistor, wherein the switch thin film transistor is used to switch on and off statuses of the driving thin film transistor, the driving thin film transistor electrically connects the power wire to the corresponding light emitting unit for providing currents to the corresponding light emitting unit, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the driving circuit substrate 102 may include two electrodes 110 disposed on its surface and used for being electrically connected to one of the light emitting units 104, wherein one of the electrodes 110 may be electrically connected to the corresponding thin film transistor, and the other one of the electrodes 110 may be electrically connected to a common voltage source or be grounded. In some embodiments, the thin film transistors may include gate electrode G, gate insulting layer GI, semiconductor layer SE, source electrode S and drain electrode D. The thin film transistor of the present disclosure is not limited to the drawing shown in FIG. 2 and may also be another kind of thin film transistor.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, one of the light emitting units 104 may for example be a light emitting diode, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light emitting diode may for example be a mini light emitting diode (mini LED) chip, micro light emitting diode (micro LED) chip, organic light emitting diode (OLED), quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED), other kinds of light emitting diode or combinations of the above-mentioned, but not limited thereto. Light emitting diode may for example be single surface (top surface) light emitting type, four surfaces (four side surfaces) light emitting type or five surfaces (top surface and four side surfaces) light emitting type.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may include a plurality of packages 112, and at least one of the light emitting units 104 is disposed in a corresponding one of the packages 112. Each of the packages 112 includes a carrier substrate 114 and an encapsulation layer 116, wherein the light emitting units 104 are disposed on the carrier substrate 114, and the encapsulation layer 116 is used for sealing the light emitting units 104 on the carrier substrate 114. For example, at least three of the light emitting units 104, such as a first light emitting unit 104 a, a second light emitting unit 104 b and a third light emitting unit 104 c, may be disposed in each of the packages 112, and the first light emitting unit 104 a, the second light emitting unit 104 b and the third light emitting unit 104 c are used for generating three different colors of light capable of being mixed into a white light, for example, may respectively include red light emitting diode, green light emitting diode and blue light emitting diode, but not limited thereto. Under such condition, each of the packages 112 may include a plurality of pins 118, wherein the pins 118 are electrically connected to the active elements 106 respectively, so each of the active elements 106 may individually provide a current to the corresponding light emitting unit 104, and one of the pins 118 is regarded as a common cathode/common anode pin of the first light emitting unit 104 a, second light emitting unit 104 b and third light emitting unit 104 c. For example, the active elements 106 may include a first active element 106 a, a second active element 106 b and a third active element 106 c providing corresponding currents to the first light emitting unit 104 a, the second light emitting unit 104 b and the third light emitting unit 104 c respectively. In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer 116 may for example include epoxy resin or silicone. In some embodiments, the carrier substrate 114 may for example be a metal lead frame. In some embodiments, the carrier substrate 114 may also for example be a semiconductor substrate, and the carrier substrate 114 may include an electrostatic discharge protection device or a driving circuit for increasing driving efficiency or having extra functions. In some embodiments, the electrostatic discharge protection device may for example be a Zener diode. In some embodiments, the semiconductor substrate may for example include silicon wafer, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium nitride or silicon carbide, but not limited thereto.

Refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 1 together. FIG. 3 schematically illustrates relations between lighting efficiencies and the operating currents of the light emitting units generating different colors of light and a relation between the operating current and the luminous intensity of the light emitting units, wherein the curve C1 represents the relation between lighting efficiency and the operating current of one of the light emitting units 104 generating one color of light, the curve C2 represents the relation between lighting efficiency and the operating current of another one of the light emitting units 104 generating another color of light, the curve C3 represents the relation between the operating current and the luminous intensity of the light emitting units 104. For example, the curve C1 may represent the relation between the lighting efficiency and the operating current of a blue light-emitting diode (the third light emitting unit 104 c), the curve C2 may represent the relation between the lighting efficiency and the operating current of a red light-emitting diode (the first light emitting unit 104 a). In some embodiments, the curve C1 may also represent the relation between the lighting efficiency and the operating current of a green light-emitting diode (the second light emitting unit 104 b). In FIG. 3 , the lighting efficiency of the light emitting unit 104 is a normalized value, that is, the peak value of the lighting efficiency is divided by itself and normalized to 1. In this embodiment, for one of the light emitting units 104 (the second light emitting unit 104 b or the third light emitting unit 104 c) of the curve C1, one of the active elements 106 provides a current to the corresponding light emitting unit 104, such that the operating current (that is, the current provided by the active element 106) of the corresponding light emitting unit 104 is located in a range R1, and the lighting efficiency of the corresponding light emitting unit 104 may be ranged from 70% to 100%, in which a peak value PK1 of the curve C1 represents a highest lighting efficiency of the second light emitting unit 104 b or a highest lighting efficiency of the third light emitting unit 104 c when one of the active elements 106 provides a third current value 13 to the second light emitting unit 104 b or the third light emitting unit 104 c. For example, range R1 may start from a first current value I1 to a second current value I2. For another one of the light emitting units 104 (the first light emitting unit 104 a) of the curve C2, another one of the active elements 106 provides another current to the corresponding light emitting unit 104, such that the operating current (that is, another current provided by the another active element 106) of the light emitting unit 104 is located in another range R2, and the lighting efficiency of the light emitting unit 104 may be ranged from 70% to 100%, in which a peak value PK2 of the curve C2 represents a highest lighting efficiency of the first light emitting unit 104 a when one of the active elements 106 provides a fourth current value 14 to the first light emitting unit 104 a. For example, the range R2 may be greater than the first current value I1. In some embodiments, the operating current (that is, the current provided by the active element 106 to the first light emitting units 104 a) of the first light emitting units 104 a may be different from the operating current (that is, the current provided by another one of the active elements 106 to the second light emitting units 104 b) of the second light emitting units 104 b or the operating current (that is, the current provided by further one of the active elements 106 to the third light emitting units 104 c) of the third light emitting units 104 c.

In this embodiment, the current provided by each of the active elements 106 to the corresponding light emitting unit 104 is located in the range R1 or the range R2, such that the lighting efficiency of the corresponding light emitting unit 104 is ranged from 70% to 100%, thereby lowering power consumption of the corresponding light emitting unit 104. For example, the current provided by one of the active elements 106 to one of the first light emitting units 104 a may be located in the range R2, the currents provided by the active elements 106 to one of the second light emitting units 104 b and one of the third light emitting units 104 c may be located in the range R1. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the electronic device 100 may for example be a display device and includes a non-self-emissive panel 120 and a backlight module 122. Besides, the driving circuit substrate 102 and the light emitting units 104 of this embodiment may be included in the backlight module 122 as the elements for generating backlight, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The non-self-emissive panel 120 is disposed on the light emitting units 104. In some embodiments, the non-self-emissive panel 120 may be a liquid crystal display panel, but not limited thereto. For example, the liquid crystal display panel may include diffuser plate 120 a, brightness enhancement film 120 b, lower polarizer, liquid crystal panel 120 c (including array substrate, liquid crystal layer and color filter layer) and upper polarizer, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the backlight module 122 may for example be a direct-lit backlight module, and the light emitting units 104 are disposed directly under the non-self-emissive panel 120. In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may for example be a sensing device or an antenna.

It is noted that when the light emitting units 104 are applied in the backlight module 122, the light emitting units 104 are continuously bright during the displaying of the display device, that is, light is continuously generated. In a light emitting diode of prior art backlight module, in order to reach the required luminance of backlight (that is, the luminous intensity shown in FIG. 3 ), the operating current of the light emitting diode is increased to a value corresponding to a lighting efficiency lower than 70% (for example, a current value corresponding to a starting point O1 of the arrow A1 shown in FIG. 3 ). However, in this embodiment, by lowering the operating current of one of the light emitting units 104 (the direction of the arrow A1 shown in FIG. 3 ) to be in the range corresponding to alighting efficiency ranged from 70% to 100%, power consumption of the one of the light emitting units 104 may be decreased. For example, operating current of each of the light emitting units 104 in this embodiment may be located in right side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 (or right side of the peak value PK2 of the curve C2) and in the range corresponding to a lighting efficiency ranged from 70% to 100%. Although luminous intensity of a single light emitting unit 104 is decreased (the curve C3 shown in FIG. 3 ), the number of the light emitting units 104 of the electronic device 100 in this embodiment may be increased and greater than the number of the prior art light emitting diodes, such that the luminance generated by all of the light emitting units 104 may reach the required luminance of backlight. In another embodiment, when the number of the light emitting units in this embodiment is equivalent to or similar to the number of the light emitting diodes of the prior art, a size (or a light emitting area) of each of the light emitting units 104 may be designed to be greater than a size (or a light emitting area) of each of the light emitting diodes of the prior art, such that the luminance generated by all of the light emitting units 104 may reach the required luminance of backlight even if the operating current of each of the light emitting units 104 is reduced. For example, the number of the light emitting units 104 in a region with one inch diagonal is greater than or equal to 10. That is, in a five-inch display device, the number of the light emitting units 104 may be greater than or equal to 50, or in a sixty-five-inch display device, the number of the light emitting units 104 may be greater than or equal to 650. Besides, the light emitting units 104 of the electronic device 100 in this embodiment may be individually controlled to emit light or not emit light by the corresponding active element 106. Thus, the electronic device 100 of this embodiment may lower power consumption of driving the light emitting units 104 or increase contrast when displaying. In another embodiment, the backlight module 122 may be equipped with a high dynamic range (HDR) function of the electronic device 100, such that the light emitting units 104 may generate different luminance. Further, the electronic device 100 may be configured to display gray levels of 0 to N, where N is 255 for example. When the electronic device 100 display a high gray level, such as the gray level of N/2(128) or more, or the gray level of N(255), the operating current of one of the light emitting units 104 may be located on the right side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 or on the right side of the peak value PK2 of the curve C2. For instance, in the gray level of N/2(128) or more, or the gray level of N(255), the operating current of the second light emitting unit 104 b or the operating current of the third light emitting unit 104 c may be greater than or equal to the third current value 13, or the operating current of the first light emitting unit 104 a may be greater than or equal to the fourth current value 14. As an example, the backlight module 122 may set up the operating current to be located on the left side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 or the peak value PK2 of the curve C2 (that is less than or equal to the third current value 13 or the fourth current value 14) or on the right side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 or the peak value PK2 of the curve C2 (that is greater than or equal to the third current value 13 or the fourth current value 14). It is noted that in the present disclosure, the gray levels are referred to as the gray levels defined by the electronic device 100 based on different luminance, and the operating currents of one of the light emitting unit are for driving the light emitting unit to have different luminance.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a variant embodiment of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. In the display device 200 of this variant embodiment, one of the light emitting units 204 disposed in each of the packages 212 may generate a first color light. For example, the light emitting unit 204 may include at least one light emitting diode, in other words, a single light emitting diode may be disposed in each of the packages 212, or a plurality of light emitting diodes generating the same first color light maybe disposed in each of the packages 212. Besides, an encapsulation layer 216 may include a plurality of light converting particles for converting the first color light into a second color light. For example, one of the light emitting units 204 may for example include a blue light emitting diode, and the light converting particles 224 may for example include the material capable of converting a blue light into a white light or a light with other colors, such as fluorescent material, phosphorescent material and quantum dot material, but not limited thereto. Under such condition, each of the packages 212 may include two pins 118, one of the pins 118 is electrically connected to an active element 106, and the other one of the pins 118 is regarded as common cathode/common anode pin. In some embodiments, the carrier substrate 114 may for example be a metal lead frame. In some embodiments, the carrier substrate 114 may also for example be a semiconductor substrate, and the substrate may include an electrostatic discharge protection device or a driving circuit for increasing driving efficiency or having extra functions. In some embodiments, electrostatic discharge protection device may for example be a Zener diode. In some embodiments, the semiconductor substrate may for example include silicon wafer, gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium nitride or silicon carbide, but not limited thereto.

The electronic device of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment and may have different variant embodiments or other embodiments. To simplify the description, the same component in other embodiments would be labeled with the same symbol in the first embodiment. To compare the dissimilarities among the first embodiment and other embodiments conveniently, the following description will detail the dissimilarities among the first embodiment and other embodiments and the identical features will not be redundantly described.

Refer to FIG. 5 , which schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. In the electronic device 300 of this embodiment, the electronic device 300 may for example be a display device, and the light emitting units 304 may be regarded as display units, such as pixels or sub pixels, but not limited thereto. In this embodiment, light emitting units 304 may form a plurality of pixels PX, each of the pixels PX includes at least three of the lighting units 304. In some embodiments, the electronic device 300 may for example be a sensing device or an antenna. Compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the electronic device 300 of this embodiment may include self-emissive panel. In this embodiment, the light emitting units 304 may include a plurality of first light emitting units 304 a, a plurality of second light emitting units 304 b and a plurality of third light emitting units 304 c, each of the first light emitting units 304 a, each of the second light emitting units 304 b and each of the third light emitting units 304 c are used for generating three different colors of light capable of being mixed into a white light and are regarded as sub pixels for different colors. For example, the current provided by the first active element 106 a to the first light emitting unit 304 a may be located in the range R2, the current provided by the second active element 106 b to the second light emitting unit 304 b and the current provided by the third active element 106 c to the third light emitting unit 304 c may be located in the range R1, such that lighting efficiency of each of the light emitting units 304 may be ranged from 70% to 100%, thereby lowering power consumption of the light emitting units 304.

Refer to FIG. 6 as well as FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 . FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a timing of the operating current of the light emitting unit according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein a first signal S1 represents the operating current provided to one of the light emitting units which is regarded as one of the sub pixels of a prior art display device, a second signal S2 represents the operating current provided to one of the light emitting units 304 which is regarded as one of the sub pixels of the electronic device 300 of the second embodiment. It is noted that when the light emitting units 304 are regarded as sub pixels, the light emitting units 304 are not continuously bright during displaying of the display device and still need to show the luminance of gray level of the sub pixels. In the prior art light emitting units which are regarded as sub pixels, in order to show different gray levels, the operating current provided to the light emitting units is lower than the current value IO which correspond to the lighting efficiency lower than 70% (for example, the current value corresponding to the starting point O2 in the arrow A2 shown in FIG. 3 ), and as the first signal S1 shown in FIG. 6 , in a single frame time FT, the light emitting units are continuously provided with this operating current IO, such that lighting efficiency of the light emitting units are poor. However, in this embodiment, the operating current provided to the light emitting units 304 may be increased and greater than or equal to the current value IP which correspond to a lighting efficiency larger than or equal to 70% (the direction of the arrow A2 shown in FIG. 3 ), thereby increasing lighting efficiency of the light emitting units 304. For example, the operating current of each of the light emitting units 304 in this embodiment may be located in left side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 (or left side of the peak value PK2 of the curve C2) and in the range which corresponds to the lighting efficiency ranged from 70% to 100%. In another embodiment, for displaying a higher gray level, such as gray level of N/2(128) or more or gray level of N(255), the operating current of the first light emitting unit 304 a may be located at the right side of the peak value PK2 of the curve C2 (i.e. greater than or equal to the fourth current value 14), and the operating current of the second light emitting unit 304 b or the operating current of the third light emitting unit 304 c may be located at the right side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 (i.e. greater than or equal to the third current value 13). Furthermore, taking the lighting efficiencies and white balance of the first light emitting unit 304 a, the second light emitting unit 304 b and the third light emitting unit 304 c into account, the present disclosure is not limited that which one of the first light emitting unit 304 a, the second light emitting unit 304 b and the third light emitting unit 304 c is provided with the operating current located at the right side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 or the peak value PK2 of the curve C2 while the display device displays the gray level of N/2 (128) or more or the gray level of N(255) . In a further embodiment, for displaying a lower gray level, such as less than N/2, e.g. the gray level of 50 or less, the gray level of 10, or the gray level of 1, the operating current of the first light emitting unit 304 a may be located at the left side of the peak value PK2 of the curve C2 (i.e. less than or equal to the fourth current value 14), and the operating current of the second light emitting unit 304 b or the operating current of the third light emitting unit 304 c may be located at the left side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 (i.e. less than or equal to the third current value 13). In a yet another embodiment, for displaying a higher gray level, such as the gray level of N/2(128) or more or gray level of N(255), the operating current of the light emitting unit 304 is located at the right side of the peak value PK1 or PK2 of the curve C1 or C2, and for displaying a lower gray level, such as the gray level of 50 or less, or the gray level of 10, the operating current of the light emitting unit 304 is located at the left side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 or the peak value PK2 of the curve C2. In other words, the operating current of one of the light emitting units 304 in this embodiment can be set to be located at the left side or the right side of the peak value PK1 or PK2 of the curve C1 or C2 according to the gray level desired to be displayed. In a further another embodiment, the operating currents of a part of the light emitting units 304 are located at the left side of the peak value PK1 of the curve C1 or the peak value PK2 of the curve C2 when the display device displays different gray levels, and the operating currents of another part of the light emitting units 304 are located at the left side or the right side of the peak value PK1 or PK2 of the curve C1 or C2 based on different gray levels when the display device displays the different gray levels. In order to avoid over high luminance caused by increasing the current value, the current provided by the active element 106 to the light emitting unit 304 in the single frame time FT is not a fixed value in this embodiment, but includes a plurality of pulse current P spaced apart from each other, as shown in second signal S2 in FIG. 6 , the current value IP of each of the pulse currents P is located in the range of the operating current in the light emitting unit 304 which correspond to the lighting efficiency ranged from 70% to 100% (the range R1 of the curve C1 or the range R2 of the curve C2 shown in FIG. 3 ). By adjusting the time width W of each of the pulse currents P, the luminance of one the light emitting units 304 in the single frame time FT meets the required luminance. For example, when a gray level with higher luminance is required, time width W of each of the pulse currents P may be increased; and when a gray level with lower luminance is required, time width W of each of the pulse currents P may be decreased. In some embodiments, time width W of different pulse currents P may be different. It is noted that the previous description related to the operating currents may be applied to an embodiment of the light emitting units 304 including one kind of light emitting diode, such as blue light emitting diode, or another embodiment of the light emitting units 304 including two kinds of the light emitting diodes, such as blue light emitting diode and the green light emitting diode. In the embodiment of the light emitting units 304 including one kind of light emitting diode, such as the blue light emitting diode, the blue light generated from the blue light emitting diode may be combined with different light converting particles for converting the blue light into green light or red light. In the another embodiment of the light emitting units 304 including two kinds of the light emitting diodes, such as the blue light emitting diode and the green light emitting diode, the blue light generated from the blue light emitting diode may be combined with the light converting particles for converting the blue light into red light.

The embodiment of the light emitting unit including one kind of light emitting diode is taken as an example for further detailed description. FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a first variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7 , the electronic device 350 provided by this variant embodiment is different from the electronic device 300 shown in FIG. 5 in that the light emitting units 354 of the electronic device 350 include light emitting diodes for generating a same first color of light, and the electronic device 350 may further include a light converting layer 384 disposed on the corresponding light emitting unit 354 and used for converting the light generated by the corresponding light emitting unit 354 into light with desired color. In this embodiment, the color of light generated by the light emitting unit 354 serving as a color of one sub-pixel SPX and a pixel PX including three light emitting units 354 are taken as an example, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the light converting layer 384 may include a first light converting layer 384 a and a second light converting layer 384 b, in which the first light converting layer 384 a is disposed on one light emitting unit 354 and used for converting the first color of light into a second color of light, the second converting layer 384 b is disposed on another one light emitting unit 354 and used for converting the first color of light into a third color of light, and another light emitting unit 354 has no light converting layer 384 disposed thereon. Accordingly, the first color of light, the second color of light and the third color of light may be mixed into white light.

Specifically, the electronic device 350 may include a pixel defining layer 386 disposed on the substrate 102, and the pixel defining layer 386 has a plurality of openings 386 a, in which at least one light emitting unit 354 is disposed in each opening 386 a. Furthermore, the electronic device 350 of this embodiment may further include another substrate 388, a light shielding layer 390 and a light scattering layer 394. The substrate 388 and the substrate 102 are disposed opposite to each other, and the light shielding layer 390 is formed on the substrate 388 and includes a plurality of opening 390 a. In this embodiment, the openings 390 a of the light shielding layer 390 correspond to the openings 386 a of the pixel defining layer 386 respectively, such that light emitted out from each opening 390 a to the substrate 388 may be regarded as light of one sub-pixel SPX. The light shielding layer 390 may include light shielding material, such as black photoresist material. A partition wall 392 may be disposed on the light shielding layer 390 and may also have a plurality of openings 392 a, and each opening 392 a corresponds to one of the opening 390 a of the light shielding layer 390. The partition wall 392 may further include light blocking material, such as white photoresist material for reflecting light. The first light converting layer 384 a, the second light converting layer 384 b and the light scattering layer 394 are respectively formed and disposed in a corresponding one of the openings 384 a. In this embodiment, the electronic device 350 may optionally further include a first color filter layer 396 a, a second color filter layer 396 b and a third color filter layer 396 c for absorbing light with different colors. Each of the first color filter layer 396 a, the second color filter layer 396 b and the third color filter layer 396 c is disposed in a corresponding one of the openings 390 a and on a corresponding one of the first light converting layer 384 a, the second light converting layer 384 b and the light scattering layer 394. For example, the first color filter layer 396 a, the second color filter layer 396 b and the third color filter layer 396 c may be a red color filter, a green color filter and a blue color filter respectively, but not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the first color filter layer 396 a or the second color filter layer 396 b may be a yellow color filter layer. In another embodiment, the first color filter layer 396 a or the second color filter layer 396 b may be replaced by a distributed bragg reflector. In another embodiment, the electronic device 350 may include a low refractive layer between the first color filter layer 396 a and the first light converting layer 384 a or between the second color filter layer 396 b and the second light converting layer 384 b. The refractive index of the low refractive layer is less than the refractive index of the color filter layer 396 a, 396 b and the light converting layer 384 a, 384 b. After each of the substrate 102 and the substrate 388 has the elements formed thereon, the substrate 102 and the substrate 388 may be adhered to each other by an adhesive layer 398, in which the light emitting units 354, the pixel defining layer 386, the light shielding layer 390, the partition wall 392, the light scattering layer 394 and the color filter layers are disposed between the substrate 102 and the substrate 388. The adhesive layer 398 may include for example optical clear adhesive (OCA) or optical clear resin (OCR), but not limited thereto. The electronic device 350 of this embodiment is a so-called two-substrate type self-luminous display device, but not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the electronic device 350 may also be a one-substrate type self-luminous display device. In other words, the light shielding layer 390 and the partition wall 392 may be formed on the pixel defining layer 386, each of the light converting layers 384 and the light scattering layer 394 may be formed on the corresponding one of the light emitting units 354 respectively, and the color filter layers are respectively formed on the light converting layers 384 and the light scattering layer 394. Furthermore, an encapsulation layer may be formed to cover the light shielding layer 390 and the color filter layers. In some embodiments, the color of light generated from the light emitting units 354 may be different from the colors of the sub-pixels, for example the light generated from the light emitting units 354 may be ultraviolet or blue light, and in such situation, the light scattering layer 394 may be replaced with the light converting layer that can generate light with a color the same as the color of one sub-pixel SPX.

FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a second variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8 , the difference between the electronic device 400 provided by this variant embodiment and the electronic device 300 shown in FIG. 5 is that the light emitting units 404 are directly disposed on the driving circuit substrate 102. In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 may further include a first passivation layer 426 covering the light emitting units 404 and the driving circuit substrate 102 for protecting the light emitting units 404. Because the first passivation layer 426 directly covers the light output surface of the light emitting units 404, for lowering the influence of the first passivation layer 426 to the luminance of output light of the light emitting units 404, the first passivation layer 426 with 1 micrometer thickness has a transmittance greater than or equal to 63%, or the first passivation layer 426 with 1 micrometer thickness has an optical density (OD) less than or equal to 0.2. For example, thickness T1 of the first passivation layer 426 directly on one of the light emitting units 404 may be ranged from 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers.

In some embodiments, in addition to the function of protecting the light emitting units 404, the first passivation layer 426 may also have the function of lowering visibility of the light emitting units 404. For example, the first passivation layer 426 with 1 micrometer thickness further has a transmittance less than or equal to 98%. In some embodiments, the first passivation layer 426 may for example include photoresist material, silicone or epoxy resin. In some embodiments, the first passivation layer 426 may further include light absorbing material, light scattering particles or combinations thereof. The light absorbing material may for example include titanium oxide (TiO₂), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) , aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), indium oxide (In₂O₃), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO₂), antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃), silicon oxide (SiO₂) or combinations thereof, but not limited thereto. The light scattering particle may for example include Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn or combinations thereof, but not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, in order to increase light mixing of adjacent two of the light emitting units 404 in the same pixel PX or decrease light mixing of adjacent two of pixels PX, a space T3 between adjacent two of the pixels PX may be greater than a space T2 between adjacent two of the light emitting units 404 in the same pixel PX. In some embodiments, the thickness T₁ of the first passivation layer 426 directly on one of the light emitting units 404 may be less than or equal to the space T2 between adjacent two of the light emitting units 404 in the same pixel PX. In some embodiments, the space T3 between adjacent two of the pixels PX may be larger than the thickness T₁ of the first passivation layer 426 directly on one of the light emitting units 404. For example, the space T2 may be ranged from 3 micrometers to 20 micrometers, and the space T3 may larger than about 20 micrometers.

In this embodiment, the first passivation layer 426 may further cover a part of the driving circuit substrate 102. In order to cover the wires (for example the metal wires) in the driving circuit substrate 102, the first passivation layer 426 directly on the part of the driving circuit substrate 102 without light emitting units 404 disposed thereon may have a thickness T4. For example, when one of the light emitting units 404 is a micro light emitting diode, thickness T4 may be ranged from 4 micrometers to 15 micrometers. When one of the light emitting units 404 is a mini light emitting diode, thickness T4 may be ranged from 50 micrometers to 150 micrometers. In some embodiments, thickness T4 may be larger than thickness T1. In some embodiments, the electronic device 400 may further include a second passivation layer (the second passivation layer shown in FIG. 10 ) covering a part of the driving circuit substrate 102 without light emitting units 404 disposed thereon, and transmittance of the second passivation layer may be different from transmittance of the first passivation layer 426.

FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a third variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9 , the difference between the electronic device 500 of this variant embodiment and the electronic device 400 shown in FIG. 7 is that the first passivation layer 526 includes a plurality of protecting blocks 528 spaced apart from each other, and each of the protecting blocks 528 covers all of the light emitting units 404 in the corresponding one of the pixels PX. Because the protecting blocks 528 covering different pixels PX are spaced apart from each other, when the electronic device 500 is folded, cracks would not be easily generated. In some embodiments, the electronic device 500 may further include a second passivation layer (the second passivation layer shown in FIG. 10 ) covering a part of the driving circuit substrate 102 without light emitting units 404, and transmittance of the second passivation layer may be different from transmittance of the first passivation layer 526.

FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a fourth variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10 , the difference between the electronic device 600 of this variant embodiment and the electronic device 400 shown in FIG. 7 is that the first passivation layer 626 includes a plurality of protecting blocks 628 spaced apart from each other, each of the protecting blocks 628 covers one of the light emitting units 404. Because the protecting blocks 628 covering different light emitting units 404 are spaced apart from each other, when the electronic device 600 is folded, cracks would not be easily generated. In some embodiments, the electronic device 600 may further include a second passivation layer 630 disposed on a part of the driving circuit substrate 102 without light emitting units 404 disposed thereon, and transmittance of the second passivation layer 630 may be different from transmittance of the first passivation layer 626, such that the disposition of the second passivation layer 630 may adjust visibility of the wires (for example the metal wires) in the driving circuit substrate 102, thereby lowering visibility of the driving circuit substrate 102.

FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to a fifth variant embodiment of the second embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11 , the difference between the electronic device 700 of this variant embodiment and the electronic device 400 shown in FIG. 7 is that the electronic device may further include a plurality of third passivation layers 732 a, 732 b and 732 c covering the corresponding light emitting elements 404 a, 404 b and 404 c respectively. Transmittances of the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c may correspond to the covered light emitting units 404 a, 404 b and 404 c respectively, such that the light generated from the corresponding light emitting units 404 a, 404 b and 404 c are allowed to penetrate through. For example, the light emitting unites 404 a, 404 b and 404 c are used for generating different colors of light, wherein the third passivation layer 732 a covers the light emitting unit 404 a, and the light from light emitting unit 404 a are allowed to penetrate through; the third passivation layer 732 b covers the light emitting unit 404 b, and the light from light emitting unit 404 b are allowed to penetrate through; and the third passivation layer 732 c covers the light emitting unit 404 c, and the light from light emitting unit 404 c are allowed to penetrate through. In some embodiments, the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c may be a color filter formed by lithography process or inject process. Under such condition, the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c may have a flat upper surface. In some embodiments, the first passivation layer 726 may not cover the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c and the light emitting units 404, that is, an upper surface of the first passivation layer 726 may be coplanar with the upper surfaces of the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c or lower than upper surfaces of the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c. The material of the first passivation layer 726 may for example be the same as the first passivation layer shown in FIG. 8 , which will not be redundantly described herein, but not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the first passivation layer 726 may also cover all the light emitting units 404 as shown in FIG. 8 or include the protecting blocks shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 . In some embodiments, the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c may also include pigment or adhesive and is formed by mixing pigment with adhesive and a dispense process. Under such condition, upper surfaces of the third passivation layer 732 a, 732 b and 732 c may be convex.

As mentioned above, in the electronic device of the present disclosure, power consumption of the light emitting units may be lowered by making the operating current of the light emitting units to be in a range which correspond to a lighting efficiency ranged from 70% to 100%, and by controlling emitting of the light emitting units through the active elements, contrast would be increased when the electronic device is displaying.

Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device, comprising: a driving circuit substrate comprising a plurality of active elements; a plurality of chips disposed on the driving circuit substrate and electrically connected to the driving circuit substrate; and a passivation layer covering the plurality of chips and the driving circuit substrate, wherein the passivation layer has a first part on one of the plurality of chips and a second part on a part of the driving circuit substrate, the second part is not overlapped with the plurality of chips, and a first thickness of the first part is less than a second thickness of the second part; and wherein a first space between adjacent two of the plurality of chips is different from a second space between another adjacent two of the plurality of chips.
 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first thickness is greater than 1 micrometer.
 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first part is directly on the one of the plurality of chips, and the second part is directly on the part of the driving circuit substrate.
 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the passivation layer directly contacts a top surface and two side surfaces of the one of the plurality of chips.
 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of active elements comprises a transistor.
 6. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a non-self-emissive panel and a backlight module, wherein the backlight module comprises the driving circuit substrate, the plurality of chips, and the passivation layer.
 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the passivation layer comprises epoxy resin.
 8. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a wall structure, wherein the wall structure has a plurality of openings, and at least one of the plurality of chips is disposed in one of the plurality of openings.
 9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a diffuser plate and a brightness enhancement film disposed on the plurality of chips. 